Oral Mucosal and Salivary Signatures of Vaping and Tobacco Exposure: A Comparative Biomarker Study.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (e-cigarettes) are widely used as alternatives to traditional tobacco, yet their effects on oral health are not fully understood. This study, building on an ongoing research project, aims to increase the sample size and broaden the analysis from oral tissues to saliva, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of vaping-related effects. We will compare four groups: exclusive e-cigarette users, conventional smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. Oral mucosal samples will be analyzed to identify structural and cellular changes, including inflammation, epithelial integrity, and tissue remodeling. In parallel, saliva will be examined for biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. By integrating tissue and salivary data, this project seeks to identify non-invasive indicators of early oral damage and clarify whether vaping produces distinct biological effects compared to conventional tobacco, contributing to improved risk assessment and public health awareness.

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